The gut–kidney axis in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, microbial metabolites, and microbiome-targeted therapeutics
Sami Alobaidi · 2025 · Frontiers in Medicine
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major global health issue, affecting millions and presenting persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Conventional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate have well-recognized limitations, underscoring the need for novel diagnostic tools and interventions. Emerging evidence highlights the gut-kidney axis as a central contributor to CKD pathogenesis, shaped by microbial dysbiosis and altered metabolite production. Harmful metabolites such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide promote
Abstract by Sami Alobaidi, Frontiers in Medicine (2025) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.3389/fmed.2025.1675458