Scaffolding Generative AI as a Tutor: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Learning Outcomes and Motivational, Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes
Chrysanthi Melanou; Maik Beege · 2026 · Education Sciences
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in higher education as an interactive tutoring partner rather than a passive information tool. While AI offers opportunities to support learning, concerns remain regarding cognitive offloading, reduced engagement, and unreflective use. Although instructional scaffolding is a well-established design principle for supporting complex learning, its role in shaping cognitive and metacognitive processes in AI-supported settings remains underexplored. This quasi-experimental pre–post study examined how varying levels of scaffolding influenc
Abstract by Chrysanthi Melanou; Maik Beege, Education Sciences (2026) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.3390/educsci16040651