Separating Non-Interactive Classical Verification of Quantum Computation from Falsifiable Assumptions
Mohammed Barhoush; Tomoyuki Morimae; Ryo Nishimaki; Takashi Yamakawa · 2026 · arXiv
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Abstract (excerpt)
Mahadev [SIAM J. Comput. 2022] introduced the first protocol for classical verification of quantum computation based on the Learning-with-Errors (LWE) assumption, achieving a 4-message interactive scheme. This breakthrough naturally raised the question of whether fewer messages are possible in the plain model. Despite its importance, this question has remained unresolved. In this work, we prove that there is no quantum black-box reduction of non-interactive classical verification of quantum computation of $\textsf{QMA}$ to any falsifiable assumption. Here, "non-interactive" means that after an
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Metadata source: arXiv