From immune exclusion to exhaustion: tumor microenvironment drives therapy response
Nemanja Maletin · 2026 · Frontiers in Immunology
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly recognized as a dynamic regulator of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Far from being a passive scaffold, the TME comprises diverse immune and stromal components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, dysfunctional vasculature, and metabolic stressors, that collectively shape tumor evolution and modulate treatment response. In this review, we explore how spatial immune exclusion, immune cell dysfunction, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming create barriers to effecti
Abstract by Nemanja Maletin, Frontiers in Immunology (2026) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1785587