Effects of Acute Caffeine Supplementation on Integrated Biathlon Performance in Elite Male Athletes.
Engel H; Yilmaz C; Appelhans D; Staunton CA; Kock H; Mathieu J; Leitlauf T; Brandl R · 2026 · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Caffeine enhances endurance performance but may impair shooting accuracy, creating a potential trade-off for overall biathlon performance. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, seven elite male biathletes consumed caffeine…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2025-0138