Understanding the Toxicity of Carbon Dots: The Role of Synthesis Variability, Surface Chemistry, and Biological Context
HASAN F. SHABBIR; Yanwen Chen; Jing Sun; Magdalena Kotańska; Noemi Nicosia; Edit Csapó; Marek Wojnicki · 2026 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
Since their initial discovery in 2003, carbon quantum dots (CDs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique optical properties and potential biomedical applications. This review critically examines the past 20 years of research on CDs, with a particular focus on cytotoxicity studies from the last decade. CDs, typically less than 10 nm in size, have been synthesized from various organic and inorganic precursors using multiple methods, including hydrothermal, microwave, and chemical reduction techniques. Their properties can be finely tuned by modifying synthesis parameters and inc
Abstract by HASAN F. SHABBIR; Yanwen Chen; Jing Sun; Magdalena Kotańska; Noemi Nicosia; Edit Csapó; Marek Wojnicki, International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2026) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.3390/ijms27093782