Non-tobacco nicotine use and complications in single-level posterior lumbar and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.
Nguyen; Hall; Lebens; Harnoor; Pennington; Lucke-Wold; Elder · 2026 · European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Over 300,000 lumbar fusion surgeries are performed annually for various indications. Tobacco use has previously been demonstrated to increase rates of nonunion and mechanical complications, but the impact of non-tobacco nicotine (NTN)…
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Metadata source: PubMed · DOI 10.1007/s00586-026-10081-5