Nicotine metabolite ratio and clinically significant depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: A smoker-specific association
Ying Zhu; Ruibo Miao · 2026 · Medicine
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) is a biomarker for the rate of nicotine metabolism and may be linked to depression, but evidence from large, representative populations is scarce. The role of smoking status as a potential effect modifier of…
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Metadata source: Crossref · DOI 10.1097/md.0000000000048186