Central and Peripheral Sensitization in Temporomandibular Disorders: Proposed Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Therapy
Basit Ali Chaudhry; Christopher Louis Robinson; Edoardo Caronna; Freda Dodd-Glover; Amrittej Singh Virk; Mário Fernando Prieto Peres; Hope L. O'Brien; Marcela Romero‐Reyes · 2026 · Toxins
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common musculoskeletal chronic orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization within trigeminal nociceptive pathways, manifesting as mechanical allodynia and functional impairment. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been explored as a treatment targeting both muscle hyperactivity and nociceptive modulation. Preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrate that BoNT-A reduces peripheral neurotransmitter release, neurogenic inflammation, and central neuronal excitability, leading to attenuation of mechanical allodynia in TMD models a
Abstract by Basit Ali Chaudhry; Christopher Louis Robinson; Edoardo Caronna; Freda Dodd-Glover; Amrittej Singh Virk; Mário Fernando Prieto Peres; Hope L. O'Brien; Marcela Romero‐Reyes, Toxins (2026) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.3390/toxins18010028