Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased complications following clavicle open reduction internal fixation.
Adio AA; Goyal RK; Skiena A; Daher M; Horneff JG; Kassam HF; Hill BW; Abboud JA · 2026 · Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Background Tobacco dependence is well established to impair bone healing and increase postoperative complications. However, the independent effects of nicotine, separate from combustion-related factors, remain unclear. This study aimed to…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1007/s00402-026-06377-2