Evaluating the accuracy of facial expressions as emotion indicators across contexts in dogs.
Bremhorst A; Mills DS; Würbel H; Riemer S · 2022 · Animal cognition
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Facial expressions potentially serve as indicators of animal emotions if they are consistently present across situations that (likely) elicit the same emotional state. In a previous study, we used the Dog Facial Action Coding System…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1007/s10071-021-01532-1