Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus in the United States
Zhu‐Nan Li; Feng Liu; Yu‐Jin Jung; Stacie Jefferson; Crystal Holiday; F. Liaini Gross; Wen‐Pin Tzeng; P.J. Carney · 2025 · Nature Communications
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract
The unprecedented 2.3.4.4b. A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle, poultry, and spillover to humans in the United States (US) poses a major public health threat. Population immunity is a critical component of influenza pandemic risk assessment. We assessed the pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses and analyzed 1794 sera from 723 people (0.5-88 yrs) in multiple US geographic regions during 2021-2024. Pre-existing neutralizing and hemagglutinin (HA)-head-binding antibodies to A(H5N1) were low, but there were substantial cross-reactive binding antibodies to N1 neuraminidase
Abstract by Zhu‐Nan Li; Feng Liu; Yu‐Jin Jung; Stacie Jefferson; Crystal Holiday; F. Liaini Gross; Wen‐Pin Tzeng; P.J. Carney, Nature Communications (2025) — licensed CC BY 4.0.
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Metadata source: OpenAlex · DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-66431-2