Assessment of pain and post-injection induration in children: A comparative study of cold application, manual pressure, and shot blocker techniques.
Sasireka V; Bhuvaneswari G; Babu S · 2026 · Journal of education and health promotion
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Background Intramuscular (IM) injections are widely used in pediatric care but often cause pain and distress. Effective management is essential to improve children's healthcare experiences. Non-pharmacological methods, including Cold…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1383_25