Clinical Investigation of Periodontal Health in Smoker and Nonsmoker Individuals.
Oweis YG; Bdour SAA; Abd-Raheam IM; Sabrah AHA; Ismail NH; Kasabreh NS; Bedros HA; Ahram MA · 2026 · International journal of dentistry
WASTE classifies this as Negative / Null Result Report · AI classification, approximate
The study found no significant effect — useful as a negative control or null benchmark for your own design.
Abstract (excerpt)
Background Vaping, argileh, and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoking are becoming popular among adolescents and conventional smokers. While the impact of conventional smoking on oral tissues is well-established, the impact of other…
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Metadata source: Europe PMC · DOI 10.1155/ijod/7805251